Chemical Formula: NH₄Cl
Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
CAS Number: 12125-02-9
Grade: ACS (American Chemical Society) Reagent Grade
Overview
Ammonium Chloride is a white crystalline salt highly soluble in water, producing a mildly acidic solution. Recognized under the CAS number 12125-02-9, it is widely used in laboratories, industrial processes, and various commercial applications. The ACS grade designation signifies that this compound meets or exceeds purity standards set by the American Chemical Society, making it ideal for high-precision scientific and technical work.
Common Applications
1. Laboratory Reagent
Ammonium Chloride is extensively used in laboratories as a buffering agent and component in chemical reactions. Its controlled pH behavior makes it suitable for a variety of analytical and preparative chemistry protocols.
2. Metal Processing
In the metalwork industry, Ammonium Chloride serves as a flux for cleaning metal surfaces during galvanizing, soldering, and tinning. It helps remove oxide layers from metals like zinc and iron, enhancing the adhesion of protective coatings.
3. Batteries
This compound is a crucial electrolyte component in dry cell batteries, especially in zinc-carbon batteries. It ensures ionic conductivity between the anode and cathode, enabling consistent power output.
4. Textile and Dyeing Industry
Ammonium Chloride is used as a mordant and dyeing aid in the textile industry, particularly with cotton fabrics. It helps fix dyes more effectively and uniformly during the production process.
5. Water Treatment
In water treatment facilities, Ammonium Chloride can be employed in chlorination processes to generate chloramines. These compounds serve as stable disinfectants for potable water and industrial cooling systems.
6. Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Synthesis
While not used as a drug itself, Ammonium Chloride plays a supportive role in chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially in producing other ammonium-based compounds and buffering formulations.
7. Electronics and Semiconductors
In the electronics sector, it may be used in etching processes and as a source of nitrogen in the production of certain semiconductors.
Physical and Chemical Properties
– Appearance: White crystalline powder
– Solubility: Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol
– Melting Point: Sublimes at ~338°C (decomposes)
– pH (5% solution): ~5.5
Storage and Handling
Ammonium Chloride should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong acids and bases. Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling the chemical to avoid inhalation and skin contact.
Safety and Precautions
– Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous under normal handling, but can cause irritation.
– Protective Measures: Use gloves, goggles, and dust masks in environments with potential airborne particles.
– First Aid: In case of eye or skin contact, rinse thoroughly with water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Conclusion
Ammonium Chloride (CAS 12125-02-9), especially in its ACS grade, is a versatile compound with significant value across scientific, industrial, and manufacturing sectors. Its chemical properties lend themselves to a broad range of applications—from laboratory reagents and metalwork flux to electrolyte components and dye fixatives—making it a reliable material for technical processes requiring high purity.
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